Journals of the United States
in Congress Assembled
United States of America
Charles Thomson, Secretary
in Congress Assembled
United States of America
Charles Thomson, Secretary
March 1, 1781 – March 3, 1789
Chronology
Chronology
Articles of Confederation Congress
United States in Congress Assembled (USCA) Sessions
USCA
|
Session Dates
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USCA Convene Date
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President(s)
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First
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11-05-1780 to 11-04-1781*
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03-02-1781
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Second
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11-05-1781 to 11-03-1782
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11-05-1781
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Third
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11-04-1782 to 11-02-1783
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11-04-1782
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Fourth
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11-03-1783 to 10-31-1784
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11-03-1783
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Fifth
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11-01-1784 to 11-06-1785
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11-29-1784
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Sixth
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11-07-1785 to 11-05-1786
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11-23-1785
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Seventh
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11-06-1786 to 11-04-1787
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02-02-1787
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Eighth
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11-05-1787 to 11-02-1788
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01-21-1788
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Ninth
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11-03-1788 to 03-03-1789**
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None
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None
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* The Articles of Confederation was ratified by the mandated 13th State on February 2, 1781, and the dated adopted by the Continental Congress to commence the new United States in Congress Assembled government was March 1, 1781. The USCA convened under the Articles of Confederation Constitution on March 2, 1781.
** On September 14, 1788, the Eighth United States in Congress Assembled resolved that March 4th, 1789, would be commencement date of the Constitution of 1787's federal government thus dissolving the USCA on March 3rd, 1789.
The Articles of Confederation, although passed by the US Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, required unanimous ratification by all 13 States. For three years Maryland refused to ratify the Articles of Confederation over Northwest Territorial issues of land ownership. Maryland, thanks to John Hanson, Daniel Carroll, James Madison, Samuel Huntington and others brokering land cessions from the states, finally passed an act to empower their delegates to subscribe and ratify the Articles of Confederation on January 30th, 1781. On February 2, 1781 Governor Thomas Sim Lee signed the empowerment into law. On February 20th, Daniel Carroll, after presenting Maryland’s ratification of the Articles to Congress, took a moment to write Charles Carroll of Carrollton:
On the first day of my appearing in Congress, I delivered the Act empowering the Delegates of Maryland to Subscribe the Articles of Confederation &c.! It was read, & entered on the Journals.
John Hanson, the second Maryland
delegate authorized to ratify the Articles of Confederation for that State, arrived in Philadelphia two days later. Although the Article V of the new
Constitution stated
For the most convenient management of the general interests of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislatures of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year.
The Continental Congress, who was awaiting
Maryland’s ratification for three years, decided not to wait another nine
months to dissolve itself and enact the new constitution. On February 22, 1781 Congress set aside
Thursday, March 1, 1781, "for
completing the Confederation" and
assigned a committee of three to consider a mode for announcing the same to
the public.” On that date, the Articles of
Confederation were adopted and the following day, March 2nd, 1781 the United
States in Congress Assembled convened as the new government of the United
States of America. What follows is a
Chronology of the this Third United American Republic’s USCA Journals.
Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789
March 1, 1781
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July 6, 1781
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July 10, 1781
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Declined Office
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July 10, 1781
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November 4, 1781
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November 5, 1781
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November 3, 1782
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November 4, 1782
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November 2, 1783
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November 3, 1783
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June 3, 1784
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November 30, 1784
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November 22, 1785
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November 23, 1785
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June 5, 1786
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June 6, 1786
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February 1, 1787
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February 2, 1787
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January 21, 1788
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January 22, 1788
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January 21, 1789
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First USCA: March 2, 1781 - Samuel Huntington
and Thomas McKean Presidents
and Thomas McKean Presidents
March
1 Receives New York cession of western land claims;
Maryland delegates sign and ratify Articles of Confederation; celebrates
completion of the Confederation. March 2 Convenes
USCA for the first time with Samuel Huntington as President; Debates rules
for congressional representation; appoints committee to revise the rules of
Congress. March 3 Orders removal of Convention Army prisoners from Virginia.
March 6 Orders preparation of a plan for "carrying into execution"
all congressional acts and resolutions. March 7 Orders depreciation allowances
for staff department officers. March 9 Commends troops for victory at the
battle of Cowpens. March 10-14 Debates Continental finances. March 15 Receives
Connecticut Act authorizing Congress to levy imposts for a limited time. March
16 Urges states to make Continental bills legal tender; appeals to states to
meet fiscal quotas. March 19 Authorizes bills of exchange drawn on Benjamin
Franklin in France. March 20 Adopts Fast Day proclamation; accepts Robert
Morris's conditions for serving as superintendent of finance. March 22
Urges Connecticut to repeal time limitation from its approval of a Continental
impost. March 24 Receives pledge of continued French military support with
warning of impending end to financial aid. March 27 Adopts ordinance on the
capture and condemnation of prizes. March 28 Receives Board of Admiralty report
on the delay of supplies from France. March 30 Rejects Alexander McDougall's
terms for accepting appointment as secretary of marine. March 31 Rejects motion
to grant Robert Morris removal authority in the office of finance.
April
2 Authorizes New York to raise two militia regiments
at Continental expense. April 3 Orders recall of General Burgoyne from his
parole and preparation of a manifesto condemning British treatment of Henry
Laurens. April 4 Resolves against paying interest on bills of new emission.
April 5 Adopts ordinance for establishing courts of admiralty. April 7 Adopts
new instructions regulating privateers. April 8 Convenes in rare Sunday session
to prepare against threatened invasion of Delmarva Peninsula. April 10 Orders
limitation on bills of exchange drawn on ministers abroad. April 11 Orders
establishment of magazines for provisioning French forces to defray a credit of
$400,000 drawn for Benjamin Franklin in France. April 14 Commends John Paul Jones. April 16 Reaffirms prohibition against
Continental officers holding civil appointments. April 18 Orders
circulation to the states of a report on the public debt. April 21 Grants Robert Morris removal authority in
the office of finance. April 23 Appoints committee to prepare impost
ordinance. April 27 Orders immediate steps against drawing bills of exchange on
John Jay and Henry Laurens abroad.
May
1 Fails to convene quorum. May 3 Observes Fast Day.
May 4 Adopts revised congressional rules. May 8 Receives report from
"committee of the week," inaugurating new procedure for expediting
congressional business; refers visiting Catawba Native American delegation to
Board of War. May 14 Receives Robert Morris' acceptance as superintendent of
finance; adopts “ways and means" measures for defraying costs "of the
ensuing campaign." May 16 Authorizes John Jay to sell America (74-gun ship
on the Portsmouth stocks) to Spain. May 18 Authorizes General Wayne to impress
provisions. May 21 Receives Robert Morris proposal for establishing a bank.
May 26 Approves plan "for establishing a national bank in these United
States." May 28 Authorizes John Jay to recede from demand for free
navigation of the Mississippi River; considers report on conference with La
Luzerne on Austro-Russian mediation offer. May 31 Issues emergency call for troops
for the southern department.
June
1 Appeals to the states to meet quotas. June 4 Authorizes superintendent of finance to
allocate French financial aid. June 7-9 Adopts revised negotiating instructions
for minister plenipotentiary; rejects motion to appoint additional peace
commissioners. June 11 Resolves to appoint two additional peace commissioners.
June 13 Elects John Jay additional commissioner to negotiate peace; adopts
letter of thanks to King of France. June 14 Authorizes exchange of John
Burgoyne for Henry Laurens; resolves to appoint two additional peace
commissioners; elects Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens and Thomas Jefferson to
negotiate peace. June 15 Adopts instructions for minister plenipotentiary. June
16 Rejects motion for more severe corporal punishment for Continental troops.
June 18 Adopts regulations for clothier general's department. June 19 Adopts
instructions for Benjamin Franklin and rejects his request to resign. June 23
Directs Robert Morris to expedite launching of America. June 25 Rejects motion
for appointing appeals judges "during good behaviour." June 26
Appoints John Paul Jones to command America; appoints Francis Dana Secretary to
the Peace Commissioners. June 27 Appoints Robert Smith, Agent at Havana.
July
2 Approves General Washington's request for 300
Pennsylvania riflemen. July 4 Observes Independence Day. July 6 Receives
President Samuel Huntington's letter of resignation. July 9 Elects Samuel Johnston president of Congress. July 10 Elects
Thomas McKean president of Congress upon Samuel Johnston's declining the office;
instructs Thomas Barclay, vice-consul to France. July 11 Authorizes Robert
Morris to negotiate loans in Spain and Portugal. July 12 Revokes John Adams'
commission to negotiate commercial treaty with Britain. July 16 Reinstates
General Lachlan McIntosh. July 20 Receives report on claims to the New
Hampshire Grants. July 23 Endorses creation of a relief fund for South Carolina
and Georgia refugees. July 25 Commends Gen. Nathanael Greene. July 26 Appoints
committee to confer with General Washington on troop arrangements "for the
ensuing year." July 27 Receives plan for a consular convention from the
minister of France. July 31 Orders superintendent of finance and a member of
the Board of War to headquarters to confer with General Washington; approves
appropriation for the support of three Delaware Indian youths at the Princeton
college.
August 1 Orders preparation of a plan to
reform the Post Office. August 3 Reads New York memorial on the New Hampshire
Grants. August 7 Requests Connecticut to revoke commissions authorizing the
seizure of property on Long Island; authorizes committee to confer with Vermont
agents on their claim to independence. August
10 Elects Robert R. Livingston secretary for foreign affairs; rejects
motion to cede the United States claim to navigation of the Mississippi. August
14 Authorizes the importation of salt. August 16 Adopts instructions to John
Adams for negotiating a Dutch alliance. August 17 Instructs committee to confer
with Vermont agents despite credentials dispute. August 20-21 Declares Vermont
acceptance of prescribed boundaries as a condition to acceptance of Vermont
independence. August 21 Enlarges General Washington's prisoner exchange
authority. August 23 Exhorts states to maintain their representation in
Congress. August 24 Directs superintendent of finance "to make provision
for support of the civil list." August 29 Debates motion to retaliate
against the execution of Col. Isaac Hayne; resolves to appoint an agent of
marine to exercise the duties of a secretary of marine. August 31 Authorizes
recognition of Philippe de L'Etombe as French consul to the New England states.
September 3 Receives account of John
Laurens' mission to France. September 4 Directs Washington to investigate
British treatment of prisoners. September 5 Orders inquiry into Gen. Robert
Howe's southern command. September 7 Recognizes Philippe Letombe's appointment
as French consul to New England; appoints Robert Morris agent of marine.
September 10 Recognizes Jean Holker's appointment as French consul to
mid-Atlantic states; orders New Jersey and Pennsylvania militia call. September
11 Adopts new treasury ordinance. September 12 Places control of U.S. navy
under the agent of marine. September 13 Sets day of thanksgiving. September 18
Orders retaliation for execution of Isaac Hayne; plans retaliation for enemy
mistreatment of prisoners. September 19 Orders Delaware militia call; appoints
treasury officers. September 20 Reorganizes hospital department. September 21
Receives French minister's report on mediation offers and peace overtures.
September 24 Appoints William Irvine to Fort Pitt command. September 25
Receives memorial from Spanish agent Rendon; issues reassurance to northern
Indians.
October 1 Sets salaries for secretaries of
war and marine. October 5 Appoints Thomas Barclay consul to France; discharges
Delaware and Pennsylvania militia. October 11-12 Debates Yorktown campaign
plans. October 16-17 Debates exercise of Continental jurisdiction over claims
within Virginia's western lands. October 19 Reforms Post Office department.
October 23 Accepts Thomas McKean's resignation as president (to remain until
new Congress November 5). October 24
Receives news of Yorktown victory; observes "divine service (suitable
to the occasion)" conducted by Chaplain George Duffield. October 26 Adopts
thanksgiving proclamation; rejects Virginia motion to curtail committee
investigation of land companies' western claims. October 29 Thanks American and
French victors at York town; thanks Gen. Nathanael Greene and southern army.
October 30 Appoints Gen. Benjamin Lincoln secretary at war; sets $8 million
fiscal quota for 1782.
November 1 Endorses General Greene's plans
to treat with Cherokee and Chickasaw Indians. November 2 Apportions states'
1782 fiscal quotas; authorizes acceptance of quartermaster certificates in payment
of quotas.
Second
USCA: November 5, 1781 - John Hanson President
November 5 New
Congress convenes; elects John Hanson
president. November 8 Authorizes Board of War to prosecute spies under the
articles of war. November 9 Restricts travel of Yorktown prisoners on parole.
November 12 Repeals resolve accepting quartermaster certificates in payment of
quotas. November 14 Urges states to maintain representation; sets date for
hearing Connecticut-Pennsylvania boundary dispute. November 20 Augments
authority of secretary of marine. November 23 Recommends that states legislate
to punish violations of international law. November 28 Holds audience with
General Washington.
December
4 Adopts ordinance on "captures on
water." December 5 Receives New York protest against congressional
resolves on Vermont. December 10 Exhorts states to complete troop quotas.
December 11 Calls states to take census "of the white inhabitants
thereof." December 13 Observes day of thanksgiving. December 17 Appeals to
the states for men and money. December 19 Orders placing supernumerary generals
on half pay. December 20 Authorizes exchange of Gov. Thomas Burke. December 31
Adopts ordinance incorporating Bank of North America.
1782
-- January 2 Exhorts states to suppress trade with
the enemy. January 3 Reforms medical department. January 8 Amends ordinance on
captures on water; rejects motion to enlarge peace ultimata. January 9
Authorizes negotiation of consular convention with France. January 10 Reforms
inspector general's department. January 17 Investigates suspicious Silas Deane
letters on conciliating Britain. January 22 Instructs peace commissioners to
communicate informal demands on fisheries and boundaries. January 25 Amends
consular convention. January 28 Enlarges duties of Secretary Charles Thomson to
relieve president of Congress. January 29 Advised of diminution of French aid.
February 1 Instructs Benjamin Franklin on repayment of Dutch loan obtained for
United States by France.
February
8 Authorizes Franklin to borrow additional 12
million livres from France. February 11 Authorizes export of tobacco to New
York by Yorktown "capitulants"; rejects appeal to permit states to
clothe own Continental troops. February 18 Authorizes Washington to negotiate
general prisoner exchange. February 20 Seeks authorization to apportion war
expenses in contravention of Articles of Confederation quota formula. February
21 Authorizes establishment of a mint. February 22 Reorganizes department of
foreign affairs. February 23 Authorizes exchange of Cornwallis for Henry
Laurens. February 26 Amends ordinance on captures on water. February 27 Adopts
plan for settlement of state accounts.
March
1 Sets conditions for recognizing Vermont
independence. March 7 Revises rules of Court of Appeals. March 11 Orders
settlement of Bon Home Richard prize claims; refers Indian petition to New
York. March 15 Drafts fiscal appeal to the states. March 19 adopts fast day
proclamation. March 21 Holds audience with General Washington. March 27 Orders
study of Continental Army staffing needs. March 30 Adopts measures for
curtailing prisoner-of war escapes.
April
1 Rejects fiscal quota reduction appeal. April 3-4
Debates Vermont compliance with independent statehood conditions. April 8
Revises paymaster regulations. April 9 Orders submission of comprehensive army
returns. April 15 Rejects motion to elect a vice-president upon the disability
of the president; elects Daniel Carroll "chairman" during the illness
of President Hanson. April 18 Rejects motion to require delegates to disclose
conflicts of interest on land claim issues. April 20 Debates Vermont compliance
with independent statehood conditions. April 23 Recommends pensions for
disabled troops; orders reduction of supernumerary officers. April 29 Endorses
Washington's proposals for retaliation against the death of Joshua Huddy. April
30 Endorses John Jay's conduct of negotiations with the court of Madrid.
May
1 Warns states of British plans to divide their
enemies with proposals of separate peace; de bates western land cessions and
motion to disclose delegates' conflicts of interest. May 4 Orders measures for
the protection of American shipping. May 8 Opposes sending William Carmichael
to the court of Portugal. May 13 Holds audience with French minister to
celebrate birth of a dauphin. May 14 Denies emissary of Sir Guy Carleton
passport to Philadelphia. May 21 Authorizes state authorities to curb trade
with the enemy. May 22 Sends delegations to states to solicit compliance with
requisitions. May 24 Reviews superintendent of finance report on status of U.S.
credit abroad. May 27 Exhorts states to maintain representation in Congress;
instructs Francis Dana to delay presenting his credentials to the court of
Russia. May 28 Receives French report on peace overtures. May 31 Reaffirms
opposition to separate peace negotiations.
June
5 Orders study of proposal to enlist German
prisoners of war. June 7 Rescinds work-release program for British prisoners of
war. June 12 Revises regulations for naval courts-martial. June 14 Endorses
proposals for return of South Carolina exiles. June 17 Calls for biannual
inspection of the operation of the executive departments. June 20 Adopts great seal for the United States in Congress assembled.
June 21 Exhorts states to curb trade with the enemy. June 24-27 Debates
proposals for resolution of the Connecticut-Pennsylvania boundary dispute. June
27 Receives report from the congressional delegation to the southern states.
June 28 Endorses General Greene's rejection of truce proposal in South
Carolina.
July
2 Endorses superintendent of finance recommendation
against appointing consuls in the West Indies. July 3 Complains against Spanish
release of British prisoners of war. July 10 Adopts ordinance regulating
distribution of prizes. July 11 Places moratorium on promotion or appointment
of Continental officers. July 17 Adopts ordinance to prevent illicit trade with
the enemy. July 18 Receives report from the congressional delegation to the
northern states; orders measures to stop mail robberies. July 23 Revises
hospital department regulations. July 31 Debates recommendation for acceptance
of western land cessions as a preliminary to restoring the public credit of the
United States.
August
1 Reorganizes adjutant general's department. August
5 Receives Robert Morris' funding plan. August 6 Revises John Jay's diplomatic
instructions. August 7 Reorganizes Continental Army. August 9 Receives British
commissioners' announcement that peace negotiations have begun at Paris. August
12 Authorizes Washington to negotiate prisoner exchange. August 14 Suspends
inquiry into General Gates' conduct at Camden. August 15 Rejects move to repeal
peace commissioners' instructions to be guided by French court. August 16-20
Debates Massachusetts' petition to include fisheries claim in peace ultimata.
August 23 Appoints judges to hear Connecticut-Pennsylvania boundary dispute.
August 27 Debates Kentucky statehood petition. August 29 Orders purchase of
ship for packet service to Europe.
September
3 Orders resumption of postal service to the
Carolinas and Georgia; presents ship America to France. September 4 Sets fiscal
quota for the immediate payment of interest on the public debt. September 6
Debates proposal to appeal to the states to cede western lands. September 9
Suspends issuance of bills of exchange to pay loan office certificate interest;
instructs Washington on prisoner cartel. September 10 Sets state fiscal quotas.
September 12 Endorses Robert Aitken's proposal to print an American edition of
the Bible. September 14 Authorizes solicitation of $4 million in foreign loans.
September 16 Commissions Washington to negotiate prisoner exchange. September
17 Refuses to accept Henry Laurens' resignation as peace commissioner.
September 19-20 Debates report that Henry Laurens improperly petitioned
parliament while imprisoned. September 24 Receives information from the
chevalier de La Luzerne on recent peace maneuvers in Europe. September 28
Adopts plan of a treaty of amity and commerce with Sweden.
October
1 Rejects New Jersey plan to retain Continental
revenues for the payment of the state's Continental troops. October 3 Reassures
France on U.S. commitment to military preparedness and to its no separate peace
pledge. October 10 Appeals to Rhode Island and Georgia to adopt impost
amendment. October 11 Sets day of thanksgiving and prayer October 14-15 Debates
promotion of general officers. October 16 Sets fiscal quota for 1783; instructs
Washington on prisoner exchange negotiations. October 18 Requests Washington to
decide fate of Wyoming garrison; sets state fiscal quotas; adopts Post Office
ordinance. October 23 Reorganizes quartermaster department. October 28 Adopts
supplemental Post Office ordinance; recommends suspension of plans to execute
Charles Asgill in retaliation for the death of Joshua Huddy. October 29 Accepts
New York's western land cession.
November
1 Refers investigation of Alexander Gillon to the
superintendent of finance. November 2 Committee on Indian affairs confers with
Catawba Indian delegation.
Third
USCA: November 4, 1782 - EliasBoudinot President
November 4 Convenes
new Congress; elects Elias Boudinot
president. November 7 Orders Washington to free Charles Asgill. November 8
Requests British officials to continue investigation of the death of Joshua
Huddy. November 12 Renews appointment of Thomas Jefferson as peace commissioner.
November 14 Debates report on Vermont's seizure of New York citizens. November
18 Appoints Thomas Barclay commissioner to settle the accounts of Continental
officials abroad. November 19 Adopts new rules for carrying out the
reorganization of the Continental Army. November 20 Debates Pennsylvania
petitions on providing for the state's public creditors. November 21 Debates
salaries of officials abroad. November 25-26 Debates propriety of exchanging
Henry Laurens for Earl Cornwallis. November 27 Orders seizure of two Vermonters
reported to be in correspondence with the enemy.
December
3 Accepts
resignation of secretary for foreign affairs. December 4 Grants John Paul
Jones' request to serve with French navy. December 5 Censures Vermont
officials; appoints appeals court judges. December 6 Directs superintendent of
finance to exhort states to comply with fiscal quotas; appoints deputation to
go to Rhode Island to secure ratification of impost amendment. December 11
Authorizes hiring out of prisoners of war. December 12 Receives Rhode Island
explanation of rejection of impost amendment. December 13 David Howell
acknowledges authorship of published letter violating congressional secrecy
rules. December 16 Adopts response to Rhode Island's rejection of impost amendment.
December 17 Reaffirms determination to send deputation to Rhode Island.
December 21 Postpones resignation of secretary for foreign affairs; grants
secretary leave of absence. December 24 Amends Post Office ordinance to extend
franking privilege. December 25-26 Observes Christmas. December 31 Instructs
peace commissioners to seek commercial reciprocity with Britain.
1783
- January 1 & 2 Thanks France for military aid
and naval protection. January 3 Records Trenton trial decree in Connecticut
Pennsylvania boundary dispute (first settlement of interstate dispute under
Articles of Confederation) January 6 Receives army petition on pay arrears;
appoints committees to inquire into the management of the executive
departments. January 7 Debates setting exchange rate for redeeming old
Continental emissions. January 10 Learns that superintendent of finance has
over drawn bills of exchange on "the known funds procured in Europe";
army deputation meets with grand committee on Continental Army grievances.
January 13 Debates expediency of negotiating additional foreign loans. January
14 Acquiesces in Rhode Island delegates' request to share intelligence from
abroad with state's officials; debates land valuation formula in grand
committee. January 17 Thanks General Greene and the southern army; declares
inexpediency of seeking additional foreign loans. January 21 Receives
U.S.-Dutch treaty negotiated by John Adams. January 22 Ratifies Franco-American
contract negotiated by Benjamin Franklin. January 23 Ratifies Dutch treaty.
January 24 Orders investigation of abuses of flag of truce by the Amazon;
rejects report recommending establishment of a library for Congress. January 25
Directs the superintendent of finance to pay the Continental Army. January
27-31 Debates proposals for funding the public debt. January 30 Rejects
Pennsylvania proposal to pay interest due on Continental securities owned by
its own citizens.
February
4 Receives Vermont remonstrance against threatened
Continental intervention. February 4-8 Debates proposals for funding the public
debt and setting state quotas.February 10-14 Debates proposals for funding the
public debt and setting state quotas. February 17 Adopts plan to appoint
commissioners for estimating land values and setting state quotas. February 18
Orders superintendent of finance to estimate the public debt, and each
executive department to report a comprehensive civil list. February 21 Exhorts
states to maintain their representation in Congress. February 25-28 Debates
proposals for commutation of Continental officers' half pay.
March
4 Amends ordinance "for establishing courts
for the trial of piracies." March 6-7 Receives report on funding the
public debt. March 10 Debates commutation of Continental officers' half pay.
March 11 Debates revenue proposals. March
12 Receives the preliminary treaty of peace. March 12-15 Reads treaty and
foreign despatches. March 17 Receives Washington's report on the army crisis at
Newburgh. March 18 Debates report on the public credit. March 19 Debates
proposal to censure ministers for ignoring negotiating instructions. March
20-21 Debates report on the public credit. March 22 Adopts resolve to commute
Continental officers' half pay for life to full pay for five years. March 24
Recalls all Continental ships on cruise. March 27-28 Debates report on the
public credit. March 29 Rejects proposal for increasing congressional oversight
of the office of finance. March 31 Renews committee for overseeing the office
of finance.
April
1 Recommends that states revise formula for setting
Continental quotas; learns of call for an economic convention at Hartford;
receives invitation to locate Continental capital in Kingston, N.Y. April 4
Orders suspension of enlistments in Continental Army; debates report on the
public credit. April 7 Revises Continental quotas. April 11 Adopts cease-fire
proclamation. April 15 Ratifies preliminary treaty of peace. April 17 Orders
sale of Continental horses. April 18 Asks states for authority to levy revenue
duties. April 23 Authorizes Washington to discharge Continental troops. April
24 Directs Washington to confer with Gen. Guy Carleton on the evacuation of New
York. April 26 Adopts Address to the States on new revenue plan. April 28
Requests Robert Morris to continue as superintendent of finance until the
reduction of the Continental Army. April 30 Rejects motion to hold debates in
public.
May
1 Directs secretary at war to negotiate cease-fire
with hostile Indian nations; authorizes American ministers to negotiate treaty
of commerce with Great Britain. May 2 Appeals to states for collection of taxes
for payment of discharged troops; recommends that states adopt copyright laws
for protection of authors. May 9 Asks states to convene assemblies to adopt
fiscal recommendations. May 15 Revises rules to appoint committees by secret
ballot. May 19-20 Debates treaty article on restitution of confiscated loyalist
property. May 22 Instructs Francis Dana on negotiating treaty with Russia. May
26 Instructs American ministers on peace terms concerning evacuation of
American posts and carrying off of American slaves; instructs Washington on
furloughing Continental troops. May 29-30 Debates treaty articles on British
debts and loyalist property.
June
2 Appoints Oliver Pollock commercial agent to Cuba.
June 4 Debates Virginia cession of western land claims; refers offers to locate
the Continental capital at Kingston, N.Y., or Annapolis, Md., to the states (to
be debated October 6). June 10 Receives report of the mutiny of a troop of
Virginia dragoons. June 11 Directs furlough of Delaware, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, and Virginia troops. June 12 Instructs American ministers on
avoiding treaties of armed neutrality. June 13 Receives "mutinous
memorial" from Continental Army sergeants. June 17 Commends the conduct of
business in the office of finance. June 19 Receives notice of the mutiny of
Continental troops at Carlisle; appoints committee to confer with Pennsylvania
officials on the mutiny. June 20 Debates Virginia cession of western land
claims. June 21 Confronts mutineers of the Pennsylvania Line; authorizes
president to reconvene Congress at Trenton or Princeton, NJ. June 21 President Boudinot issues
proclamation reconvening Congress at Princeton. June 30 Reconvenes at Princeton, NJ.
July
1 Directs Gen. Robert Howe to suppress mutiny;
adopts report explaining congressional response to the mutiny. July 2 Thanks New Jersey officials for their
reception of Congress. July 9-11 Debates proposals for paying arrears due
Continental troops. July 16 Orders recall of commissioners investigating
British embarkations from New York; directs Secretary Thomson to maintain
record of unrepresented states. July 23 Receives Philadelphia address inviting
Congress' return. July 28 Returns noncommittal response to Philadelphia
address; directs General Washington to attend Congress; relieves General Howe's
detachment ordered to suppress Pennsylvania mutiny. July 29 Ratifies treaty of
amity and commerce with Sweden. July 30 Directs superintendent of finance to
publish regulations for receiving "Morris notes" in payment of taxes.
August
1 Rejects motion to adjourn to Philadelphia. August
6 Authorizes distribution of "necessities" to Delaware Indians and
friendly "northern nations." August 7 Orders preparation of "an
equestrian statue of the Commander in Chief." August 9 Authorizes
furloughing additional Continental troops and continuation of subsistence for
Hazen's Canadian regiment. August 13-14 Debates motion for returning to
Philadelphia. August 15 Receives proceedings of the court-martial of the
Philadelphia mutineers. August 18 Directs superintendent of finance to report
estimate of the Continental debt. August 26 Conducts audience with General
Washington. August 28 Debates ordinance for prohibiting settlement of Indian
lands.
September
1 Receives Pennsylvania Assembly resolves for re
turning to Philadelphia. September 10 Orders renewal of committees to oversee
the executive departments. September 13 Adopts stipulations concerning the
cession of Virginia's western land claims; confirms acquittal of leaders of the
Philadelphia mutiny.September 16-19 Debates Massachusetts' call for
retrenchment of Continental expenses. September 22 Adopts proclamation
regulating the purchase of Indian lands. September 24 Adopts secret order
authorizing Washington to discharge Continental troops "as he shall deem
proper and expedient." September 25 Reaffirms commitment to commutation of
half pay claims; proclaims treaty with Sweden; debates report on federal jurisdiction
over site of congressional residence. September 29 Lifts injunction of secrecy
on most foreign dispatches. September 30 Promotes Continental officers not
promoted since 1777.
October 1
Debates instructions for ministers abroad. October 3 Debates Indian affairs.
October 6-9 Debates location of the Continental capital. October 8 Receives
Quaker petition for suppression of the slave trade. October 10 Resolves to
leave Princeton; debates location of the capital. October 15 Adopts resolves
regulating Indian affairs. October 17 Debates location of the capital. October
18 Adopts Thanksgiving proclamation. October 21 Adopts two capital
locations-Congress to meet alternately "on the banks of the Delaware and
Potomac." October 22 Orders distribution of the peace treaty to the
states. October 23-24 Debates peacetime military arrangements. October 27-28
Fails to convene quorum. October 29 Adopts instructions for negotiating
commercial treaties. October 30 Authorizes Pennsylvania to negotiate Indian
lands purchase. October 31 Ratifies fiscal contract with France; holds audience
with Dutch minister van Berckel. November
1 Orders Post Office theft inquiry; adopts rules to improve congressional
attendance.
Fourth
USCA: November 3, 1783 - ThomasMifflin President
November
3 Convenes new Congress; elects Thomas Mifflin
president (elects Daniel Carroll chairman in the president's absence). November
4 Authorizes discharge of the Continental Army-"except 500 men, with
proper officers."Adjourns to Annapolis, to reconvene the 26th.
December
13 Reconvenes at Annapolis. December 15 Fails to convene quorum. December
16 Reads foreign dispatches. December 17 Fails to convene quorum. December 22
Holds public entertainment for General Washington. December 23 Appeals to
unrepresented states to maintain congressional attendance; receives Washington and accepts his resignationas Commander-in-Chief.
December 27 Receives report on capital location. December 29 January 1 Fails to
convene quorum.
1784
- January 3 Resolves to receive Francis Dana,
"relative to his mission to the Court of Russia." January 5 Rejects
proposal to nominate knights to the Polish Order of Divine Providence. January
8 Debates Quaker petition for suppression of the slave trade. January 10 Fails
to convene quorum. January 14 Ratifies
definitive treaty of peace, "nine states being present";
recommends that the states "provide for the restitution of"
confiscated loyalist property. January 15 Acquiesces in public creditor demand
that loan office certificate interest not be subject to depreciation. January
17-20 Fails to convene quorum. January 21 Rejects motion denying Continental
jurisdiction in Lusannah admiralty appeal. January 22 Halts plan to dispose of
military stores. January 23 Sets date for selecting judges to determine
"the private right of soil" in the Wyoming Valley. January 26 Narrows
half-pay eligibility rules. January 27-28 Fails to convene quorum. January 30
Grants sea-letters for The Empress of China voyage to Canton.
February
3 Creates post of undersecretary to revive office
for foreign affairs. February 4-5 Fails to convene quorum. February 6 Issues
brevet promotions for departing foreign officers. February 7-9 Fails to convene
quorum. February 10 Plans general treaty with Indian nations of the northern
department. February 11 Registers commissions of five French consuls and five
vice-consuls. February 12 Fails to convene quorum. February 16-23 Fails to
convene quorum. February 24 Postpones debate on garrisoning frontier posts for
failure of nine-state representation. February 27 Commends marquis de la
Rouerie; deadlocks over appointment of a secretary for foreign affairs.
March
1 Receives Indiana Company petition; accepts
Virginia cession of western land claims; reads western land ordinance report.
March 2 Elects Henry Remsen undersecretary for foreign affairs; deadlocks over
appointment of a secretary. March 4 Elects commissioners to negotiate with the
Indians. March 5 Debates plans for holding treaty with the Indians. March 10
Fails to convene quorum. March 12 Rejects Connecticut protest against half-pay
plan. March 13 Rejects Delaware delegate credentials, exceed ing three-year
limitation. March 16 Bars appointment of aliens to consular and other foreign
posts. March 19 Adopts instructions for Indian commissioners. March 22-25
Postpones debate on Lusannah admiralty appeal. March 23 Rejects credentials of
Massachusetts delegate Samuel Osgood. March 26 Affirms that in negotiating
commercial treaties these United States be considered . . . as one nation, upon
the principles of the federal constitution." March 30 Sets quotas and
adopts fiscal appeal to the states; rejects motion denying Continental
jurisdiction in Lusannah appeal.
April
1-2 Debates report on negotiating commercial
treaties. April 5 Adopts appeal to the states on arrears of interest payments
on the public debt. April 6 Reads report on maintaining frontier garrisons.
April 8 Instructs agent of marine on sale of Continental ships. April 12
Debates public debt. April 14 Debates motion to adjourn from Annapolis to
various proposed sites. April 16 Instructs "commissioners for treating
with the Indian nations." April 19 Debates western land ordinance; deletes
anti-slavery paragraph. April 20-21 Debates western land ordinance. April 23
Debates western land ordinance. April 24 Receives New York memorial concerning
the Vermont dispute. April 26 Resolves to adjourn June 3, to reconvene at
Trenton October 30; debates capital's location. April 27-28 Debates public
debt. April 28 Orders arrest of Henry Carbery, leader of Pennsylvania mutiny.
April 29 Exhorts states to complete western land cessions. April 30 Requests
states to vest Congress with power to regulate trade "for the term of
fifteen years."
May
3 Reaffirms secrecy rule on foreign dispatches;
receives French announcement on opening free ports to U.S. trade. May 5 Debates
retrenchment of the civil list. May 7 Sets diplomatic salaries; appoints John
Jay secretary for foreign affairs. May 11 Adopts instructions for negotiation
of commercial treaties. May 12 Resolves to request delivery of frontier posts
to U.S. troops. May 15 Debates disqualification of Rhode Island delegates. May
17 Receives announcement of French minister La Luzerne's intention to return to
France. May 18 Orders troops for the protection of Indian commissioners. May
19-24 Debates disqualification of Rhode Island delegates. May 21-22 Fails to
convene quorum. May 25-27 Debates garrisoning frontier posts. May 28 Adopts
"Ordinance for putting the department of finance into Commission";
reads proposed land ordinance and report on Indian affairs. May 29 Appoints
Committee of the States "to sit in the recess of Congress," and
adopts resolutions defining its powers and rules. Offers reward for arrest of
chevalier de Longchamps for assault on the French consul general, the marquis
de Barbe-Marbois. May 31 Debates garrisoning frontier posts.
June
1 Resolves to meet thrice daily until adjournment.
June 2 Orders discharge of Continental troops "except 25 privates to guard
the stores at Fort Pitt, and 55 to guard the stores at West Point." June 3
Instructs ministers plenipotentiary not to relinquish navigation of the
Mississippi; authorizes call of 700 militiamen to protect the northwestern
frontiers; elects three treasury commissioners; adjourns "to meet at
Trenton on the 30th day of October." June 4 Convenes Committee of the
States. Committee reads powers (requiring quorum of nine states) and adjourns
to June 26. June 26 Fails to convene quorum to July 5.
July
5 Committee reconvenes, adopts rules, meets in 20
regular sessions to August 3. August 4-19 Fails to convene quorum, except
briefly on August 9, and dissolves amid controversy.
November
1 Convenes at Trenton, two states represented new
congress fails to achieve quorum to convene as prescribed by the Articles of
Confederation November 29 Achieves
quorum, seven states represented. November
30 Elects Richard Henry Lee president.
December
3 Registers commission of Swedish consul Charles
Hellstedt; orders redeployment of Fort Stanwix troops to West Point. December 7
Countermands redeployment of Fort Stanwix troops, who are ordered to Fort
Rensselaer. December 8 Receives Massachusetts and New York agents assembled to
select judges for hearing land claim dispute between the two states. December
11 Rejects motion to adjourn from Trenton; com mends the marquis de Lafayette.
December 14 Postpones election of treasury commissioners; directs Benjamin
Franklin to delay signing consular convention with France. December 15 Receives
Spanish announcement closing Mississippi River. December 17 Elects chaplain to
Congress; resolves to appoint minister to Spain. December 20 Overturns decision
to create two capitals; appropriates $100,000 for capital buildings. December
23 Adopts ordinance for fixing upon a place for the residence of
Congress." December 24 Certifies selection of judges for hearing
Massachusetts-New York land claim dispute; adjourns to New York City.
1785
-- January 11 Reconvenes, five states represented.
January 13 Achieves quorum, seven states represented. January 18 Accepts offer
of New York City Hall for the use of Congress. January 20 Communicates to
states intelligence on the precariousness of United States credit abroad.
January 24 Orders preparation of a requisition on the states for 1785. January
25 Elects treasury commissioners; tables L'Enfant plan for establishing a corps
of engineers. January 27 Adopts ordinance "for ascertaining the powers and
duties of the Secretary at War." January 31 Resolves to appoint minister
to Great Britain. February 1 Ratifies terms of a two-million-guilder Dutch
loan.
February
2 Adopts proclamation urging states to penalize
counterfeiting. February 7 Approves lease of public buildings at Carlisle, Pa.,
to Dickinson College; orders removal of War Office, Post Office, and Treasury
offices to New York. February 10 Elects Philip Schuyler commissioner for
planning federal capital. February 11 Adopts regulations for the office for
foreign affairs, conceding to Secretary Jay's demands. February 18 Limits terms
of ministers abroad. February 21 Resolves to send commissioners to the Illinois
Settlements. February 24 Appoints John Adams minister to Great Britain.
March
4 Opens debate on western land ordinance. March 7
Authorizes Benjamin Franklin's return to America; resolves to appoint minister
to the Netherlands. March 8 Elects Henry
Knox secretary at war. March 10
Elects Thomas Jefferson minister to France. March 11 Adopts instructions
for negotiating with the Barbary States. March 15 Adopts instructions for the
southern Indian commissioners. March 16 Rejects motion to limit slavery in the
territories. March 17 Imposes 12-month limit for submission of claims against
the United States. March 18 Adopts instructions for the western Indian
commissioners. March 21 Elects southern Indian commissioners; thanks king of Denmark
for offer to ordain American candidates for holy orders. March 28 Receives
report on granting Congress commerce powers. March 31 Adopts ordinance for
regulating the office of secretary of Congress; receives report on 1785
requisition.
April
1 Debates Continental military needs. April 7
Authorizes military establishment of 700 troops. April 14 Reads revised western
land ordinance. April 18 Accepts Massachusetts western land cession. April
22-28 Debates western land ordinance. April 29 Appeals to states to maintain
representation. May 2-6 Debates western land ordinance. May 9-10 Fails to
achieve quorum (five states). May 12 Fails to achieve quorum (six states). May
13 Receives coinage report. May 18-19 Debates western land ordinance. May 20
Adopts western land ordinance; appeals to North Carolina to repeat western land
cession. May 24 Fails to achieve quorum (four states). May 27 Renews
appointment of geographer of the United States; appoints 13 continental
surveyors.
June
1 Authorizes appointment of federal court to decide
South Carolina Georgia boundary dispute. June 3 Publishes treaties with the
Indians negotiated at Fort Stanwix and Fort McIntosh. June 6 Authorizes
negotiation of an Indian treaty at Vincennes. June 7 Discharges Fort Pitt
garrison. June 14 Responds to French announcement of the birth of a second heir
to the throne. June 17 Orders John Jay to plan audience for the Spanish
plenipotentiary Diego de Gardoqui. June 20 Orders inquiry into the
administration of the late superintendent of finance. June 21 Orders annual
inquiry into treasury administration. June 23 Appoints William Livingston
minister to the Netherlands (declines). June 29 Asks Virginia to provide
military support for Indian commissioners. June 30 Orders a study of mail
transportation.
July
1 Rejects motion to abolish court of appeals, but
terminates salaries of the judges. July 2 Receives Diego de Cardoqui. July 4
Celebrates Independence Day. July 5 Appoints John Rutledge minister to the
Netherlands (declines). July 6 Adopts the dollar as the money unit of the
United States. July 11 Continues rations for Canadian refugees. July 12
Receives Post Office report. July 13-14 Debates granting Congress commerce
power. July 18 Debates 1785 requisition. July 20 Abolishes commissary of military
stores. July 22 Debates 1785 requisition. July 25 Abolishes quartermaster
department. July 28-29 Debates 1785 requisition.
August
1-3 Debates 1785 requisition. August 5 Orders removal
of the treasurer's office to New York (by October 1) . August 10-13 Recesses.
August 15 Thanks king of Spain for sending Gardoqui mission. August 17 Appoints
Samuel Holten chairman in the absence of President Lee (through September 29)
for the recovery of his health; Secretary Thomson to report delegate attendance
monthly. August 18 Endorses conduct of Massachusetts governor James Bowdoin in
controversy with British naval captain Henry Stanhope. August 25 Grants John
Jay greater latitude in negotiating with Gardoqui. August 29 Abolishes
committee of the week (duties transferred to secretary of Congress.
September
2-3 Fails to achieve quorum (five states and two
states). September 5 Receives John Jay report on British occupation of
northwest posts. September 7 Authorizes John Jay to inspect the mails whenever
required by United States "safety or interest"; approves the
conveyance of mails by stage carriages. September 13-17 Debates 1785
requisition. September 19-21 Debates appeal of Connecticut settlers in the
Wyoming valley. September 22-26 Debates 1785 requisition. September 27 Adopts
1785 requisition. September 29 Authorizes commission to settle Massachusetts
New York eastern boundary.
October
5 Orders postmaster general to extend system of
posts. October 7 Debates threat of western separatism. October 12 Authorizes
troops to attend western Indian negotiations; exhorts states to meet fiscal
quotas. October 17-18 Mourns death of Virginia delegate Samuel Hardy (age 27).
October 20 Receives John Jay report on naval threat of Barbary states. October
21-22 Fails to achieve quorum (six states and one state) . October 25 Fails to
achieve quorum (four states). October 27 Rejects proposal to create consular
establishment. October 28 Confers consular powers on ministers abroad. November
2 Postpones convening of court to determine Massachusetts-New York western land
claims dispute; suspends recruitment for 700 troop establishment. November 4 Congressional session
expires.
November
7 Convenes at New York City, three states
represented new congress fails to achieve quorum to convene as prescribed by
the Articles of Confederation. November 23 Achieves quorum, seven states
represented; elects John Hancock president (in absentia), David Ramsay
chairman. November 24 Elects two congressional chaplains. November 25 Receives
report on British consul John Temple. November 28-29 Fails to achieve quorum.
December 2 Recognizes John Temple as British consul. December 5-26 Fails to
achieve quorum December 27 Receives secretary at war reports.
1786
- January 2 Receives British complaint on
treatment of loyalists. January 4 Receives reports on states' response to
appeals to grant Congress authority to raise revenue and regulate trade.
January 5 Receives report on Algerian capture of American seamen. January 12
Receives report on settlement of Continental accounts. January 18 Refers
Connecticut cession to committee. January 19 Orders report on 1786 fiscal
estimates. January 27 Elects Samuel Shaw consul to Canton, China. January 30
Appeals to six unrepresented states to send delegates.
February
1 Removes injunction of secrecy on correspondence
concerning "the appointment of Commissioners to treat with the Barbary
powers." February 3 Debates states' response to congressional fiscal
appeals. February 8 Receives report on French loan interest requirements.
February 9 Justifies abolishing salaries of court of appeals judges. February 16-24
Fails to achieve quorum. February 25 Receives reports on Franco-American postal
plan and on 1786 fiscal estimates.
March
3 Repeats call to the states for authority to
regulate trade. March 7 Appoints committee to confer with New Jersey Assembly
on its refusal to comply with 1786 Continental requisition. March 10 Rejects
New York appeal for an extension of time for receiving Continental claims from
citizens of the state. March 14 Clarifies form of oaths required for
Continental officeholders. March 17-18 Fails to achieve quorum. March 21
Receives report on capital punishment in military courts martial. March 22
Receives report of New Jersey's reversal of opposition to 1786 Continental
requisition. March 24 Appoints single commissioner to consolidate settlement of
accounts of the five great departments (clothier, commissary, hospital, marine,
and quartermaster). March 27 Orders arrest of Maj. John Wyllws for execution of
army deserters. March 29 Directs secretary for foreign affairs to report on
negotiations for British evacuation of frontier posts.
April
5 Receives report on "negotiations, and other
measures to be taken with the Barbary powers." April 10 Receives report on
Connecticut land cession. April 12 Receives board of treasury report on
coinage. April 19 Rejects Massachusetts request for Continental ordnance April
27 Receives translations of French decree on fisheries bounties.
May
2 Holds audience with Cornplanter and other Seneca
chiefs. May 5 Holds audiene with Cornplanter and other Seneca chiefs. May 6
Fails to achieve quorum. May 8 Appoints second commissioner for settlement of
accounts of the five great departments. May 9 Directs Continental Geographer to
proceed with survey of western territory. May 11 Debates Connecticut cession.
May 12 Declares navigable waters in the territories forever free to their
inhabitants and to the citizens of the United States. May 15 Elects Nathaniel
Gorham chairman of Congress to succeed David Ransay. May 17 Ratifies
Prussian-American treaty of commerce. May 18 Postpones to September meeting of
agents for Georgia-South Carolina boundary dispute. May 22-25 Debates
Connecticut cession. May 26 Declares conditional acceptance of Connecticut
cession. May 29 Fails to achieve quorum. May 31 Amends rules to war; receives
John Jay request for a committee to confer with him on negotiations with Diego
de Gardoqui.
June
5 Receives resignation of President John Hancock;
receives report on military establishment. June 6
Elects Chairman Nathaniel Gorham president. June 13-14 Fails to achieve
quorum. June 15 Receives reports on prospects for Indian hostilities and on
Continental arsenals and magazines. June 16 Orders Indian commissioners to
report on prospects for hostilities June 19-20 Fails to achieve quorum. June 21
Bans acceptance of paper money by post offices. June 22 Orders troop
reinforcements "to the rapids of the Ohio." June 27 Directs court of
appeals judges to reconvene November 6 and reinstates salaries on per diem
basis. June 28 Receives draft ordinance for the Indian department. June 30
Responds to Virginia appeal for protection against western Indians.
July
4 Celebrates anniversary of independence. July 7
Requests revision of Virginia cession to permit creation of "not more than
five nor less than three" states from the northwest territory. July 12
Revokes commissions of those appointed to negotiate treaties with the Indians.
July 13 Recommits draft territorial plan of government. July 21 Debates Indian
affairs ordinance. July 24 Orders second reading of Indian affairs ordinance
July 27 Seeks revision of New York act authorizing Continental impost.
August
1 Receives report on arsenals and ordnance. August
2 Adopts 1786 requisition. August 3 Authorizes purchase of West Point; confers
with secretary for foreign affairs on negotiation of treaty with Spain. August
7 Adopts Indian affairs ordinance. August 8 Adopts coinage standards; orders
board of treasury to report an ordinance for establishment of a mint. August 9
Appeals to North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia for land cessions.
August 10 Debates John Jay's instructions for negotiating Spanish treaty.
August 14 Appoints committee to meet with Pennsylvania Assembly on revising act
authorizing Continental impost. August 16-23 Debates John Jay's instructions
for negotiating Spanish treaty. August 24 Orders relief for displaced Moravian
Indians. August 28 Debates John Jay's negotiating instructions. August 29
Repeals John Jays'negotiating instructions by seven-to-five vote (which was
contested on the ground that nine votes were constitutionally required). August
30-31 Debates repeal of John Jay's instructions.
September
1-2 Debates repeal of John Jay's instructions.
September 4 Convenes agents for appointing a court to hear South
Carolina-Georgia boundary dispute. September 5 Authorizes settlement of
Pennsylvania fiscal claim. September 11 Receives South Carolina appeal for
congressional intervention in hearing boundary dispute with Georgia. September
12 Receives John Jay report on consular convention with France. September 13
Selects judges for hearing South Carolina_Georgia boundary dispute. September
14 Accepts Connecticut land cession. September 18 Bars payment of Continental
requisitions in paper money. September 20 Receives report on Annapolis
Convention; orders postmasters "to receive no other money in payment for
postage than specie." September 25 Receives report on conference of
congressional committee with Pennsylvania Assembly. September 28 Debates repeal
of John Jay's negotiating instructions. September 29 Debates ordinance for
territorial government.
October
3 Instructs Thomas Jefferson on renegotiation of consular
convention with France. October 4 Debates Northwest ordinance. October 6 Elects
James White southernb Indian superintendent. October 10 Directs Indian
superintendent to confer with southern states. October 13 Adopts ordinance for
settlement of the states' Continental accounts; receives report on British
response to request for evacuation of frontier posts. October 16 Adopts
ordinance for establishmentj of a mint. October 18 Receives secretary at war's
report on Shays' rebellion. October 21 Increases military establishment -
ostensibly for Indian defense but with an eye to the "disorders" in
Massachusetts. October 23 Appeals to states for authority to regulate trade;
authorizes secretary for foreign affairs to inspect the mails for reasons of
national security (excepting the mail of members of Congress). October 26
Orders inquiry into postal service. October 30 Authorizes suspension of
interest credits on Rhode Island-held debt in retaliation for state paper money
policy.
November
1-2 Debates postal reform. November 3 Adjourns -
referring "the several matters now before Congress" to the new
Congress scheduled to meet "on Monday next"
Seventh
USCA: February 2, 1787 - Arthur St.Clair President
November
6, 1786 – December 31, 1786 new congress fails
to achieve quorum to convene as prescribed by the Articles of Confederation
1787
– January 1-16 Fails to achieve a quorum January 17
Achieves quorum, seven states represented. January 18-31 Fails to achieve a
quorum
February
2 Achieves quorum; elects Arthur St. Clair president,
Samuel Provost and John Rodgers chaplains. February 3 Reads correspondence
received since early November February 5 Orders report on 1787 fiscal
estimates. February 6-9 Fails to achieve a quorum. February 12 Adopts report of
committee on qualifications; reads accumulated treasury and war office reports.
February 14 Nine states represented for first time; reads draft Post Office
ordinance. February 15 Authorizes postmaster general to contract for mail
delivery. February 19 Elects Lambert Cadwalader chairman in absence of
President St. Clair. February 21 Receives report on Annapolis Convention; resolves to call for a Philadelphia
convention to "render the federal
Constitution adequate to the exegencies of Government and the preservation of
the Union." February 22-23 Fails to achieve a quorum February 26
Receives Virginia call for an interstate commercial convention.
March
5-7 Fails to achieve quorum March 8 Reaffirms specie
requirement for quota payments. March 9 Receives Massachusetts report on Shays'
Rebellion; adopts report on western posts. March 13 Receives report on military
stores; authorizes appointment of unsalaried commercial agent at Lisbon. March
23 Adopts reduction of the Continental civil list. March 28 Debates motions on
the loan or sale of Continental property. March 30 Receives report of seizure
of American property at Natchez.
April
2 Receives 1787 fiscal estimates. April 4 Orders
John Jay to report on Spanish negotiations: receives report on the military
establishment. April 5 Receives report on land sales plan. April 9 Orders
discharge of troops enlisted against Shays' Rebellion except two artillery
companies; receives treasury report on copper coinage. April 10 Debates location of federal capital. April 13
Adopts letter to the states recommending repeal of all state acts repugnant to
the treaty of peace; receives John Jay reports on Spanish negotiations. April
16-17 Fails to achieve quorum (three and six states attending). April 18
Receives draft ordinance on settlement of state accounts; debates sending
commissioner to Spain to negotiate Mississippi question. April 20 Receives John
Jay report on sending commissioner to Spain; receives committee report on
copper coinage. April 21 Adopts copper coinage plan; adopts western land sales
plan. April 23 Extends franking privilege to Philadelphia Convention delegates.
April 24 Orders recapture of Fort Vinncennes; receives notification of the
settlement of the Massachusetts-New York land dispute April 25 Receives North
Carolina protest against federal Indian treaties; receives report on western
land ordinance. April 27 Fails to achieve quorum.
May
1 Fails to achieve quorum May 2 Authorizes sale of
surplus Continental arms. May 3 Receives British consul Phinease Bond; receives
report on the military establishment. May 7 Appoints commissioners for settling
departmental accounts; adopts ordinance for settlement of state accounts. May 8
Debates proposal concerning interstate commercial conventions. May 9 Debates
Northwest Ordinance. May 10 Debates Northwest Ordinance; debates location of
federal capital. May 11 Debates Mississippi negotiations with Spain. May 12-31
Fails to achieve quorum.
June
1-29 Fails to achieves quorum
July
2-3 Fails to achieve quorum. July 4 Achieves quorum;
elects William Grayson chairman in absence of President St. Clair; receives
report on Spanish negotiations. July 5 Fails to achieve quorum. July 10
Receives report on sale of western lands to land companies. July 11 Reads
Northwest Ordinance; receives report on issuance of indents for Continental
quotas; receives report on Indian hostilities. July 13 Adopts Northwest Ordinance. July 14 Orders report on 1787
requisition. July 18 Ratifies commercial treaty with Morrocco; receives report
on southern Indian land claims. July 19-21 Debates measures for Indian
pacification July 20 Instructs John Adams on a convention with Britain on
violations of the treaty of peace. July 23 Approves appointments of commercial
agents to Morocco. July 25 Debates measures for pacification of western
Indians. July 26 Debates measures for pacification of southern Indians;
authorizes postal contracts; receives report on foreign loans. July 27 Orders
report on formation of "a Confederacy with the powers of Europe"
against the Barbary States; instructs Jefferson on consular convention with
France.
August 3 Debates
southern Indian affairs. August 6-8 Fails to achieve quorum. August 9 Accepts
South Carolina land cession; receives report on northern Indian affairs. August
10-31 Fails to achieve quorum.
September
3-19 Fails to achieve quorum September 20 Receives report of the
Philadelphia Constitutional Convention. September 21 Reelects treasury
commissioners Arthur Lee, Walter Livingston, and Samuel Osgood; reduces civil
list. September 24 Accepts John Adams' retirement (post February 24, 1788);
receives report on Netherlands protest. September 26-27 Debates Constitution
submitted by Philadelphia Convention.. September
28 Resolves to submit Constitution to the states. September 29 Receives
report on prize money received by John Paul Jones; receives report on 1787
requisition.
October 2 Receives
report on foreign debt. October 3 Sets civil list and military establishment
for Northwest Territory. October 5
Elects Arthur St. Clair governor of the Northwest Territory, Winthrop
Sargent, secretary; resolves that a treaty be held with the western indians;
receives report on U.W. embassy at London. October 8 Terminates federal
proceedings in Massachusetts-New York land dispute. October 11 Ratifies John
Adams' contract for Dutch loan; authorizes indents for loan office interest in
payment of Continental quotas; directs payment of prize monies received by John
Paul Jones. October 12 Authorizes ransom of American captives at Algiers;
reelects Thomas Jefferson minister to France; receives Postmaster General
report. October 13 Orders arrest of Lt. John Sullivan for jeopardizing
American-Spanish relations; debates Virginia infringement of U.S. treaty
obligations. October 15 Authorizes postal contracts. October 16 Elects John
Armstrong, Jr., Samuel Holden Parsons, and James Mitchell Varnum judges of the
Northwest Territory, commends John Paul Jones. October 17 Authorizes sale of
the Carlisle barracks. October 18-19 Fails to achieve quorum. October 20
Appeals for North Carolina and Georgia land cessions; reduces postal rates.
October 21 Authorizes sale of one million acres to the Ohio Company. October 22
Sets aside military bounty lands; authorizes treaty with the western Indians.
October 26 Adopts instructions for holding Indian negotiations. October 29-31
Fails to achieve quorum
November
1-2 Fails to achieve quorum.
Eighth
USCA: January 21, 1788 - Cyrus Griffin President
November
5 New Congress assembles; five delegates
attend, two states represented. new congress fails to achieve quorum to convene
as prescribed by the Articles of Confederation November 6-30 Fails to achieve
quorum. December 3-31 Fails to achieve quorum
January
1-19 Fails to achieve quorum. January 21
Convenes seven states represented. January
22 Elects Cyrus Griffin president. January 23-31 Fails to achieve quorum
February
1 Reviews backlog of reports and letters. February
5 Receives report on Massachusetts-New York boundary survey. February 6-9 Fails
to achieve quorum. February 12 Authorizxes secretary for foreign affairs to
isue sea letters. February 14 Sets date for reception of new Frence minister,
comte de Moustier. February 19 Elects John Cleves Symmes judge of the Northwest
territory. February 25 Debates appointment jof superintendent of Indian affairs
for the southern department. February 26 Holds audience for comte de Moustier.
February 28 Receives treasury report on foreign debt. February 29 Appoints
Samuel Provost and John Rodgers chaplains of Congress, and Richard Winn
superintendent of Indian affairs for the southern department; debates Kentucky
statehood motion.
March 4 Debates
Kentucky statehood in committee of the whole. March 6 Receives reports on the
claims of French settlers in the Illinois country and on the survey of western
lands. March 10--;11 Fails to achieve quorum. March 12 Receives report on
military bounty lands. March 18 Receives communications on Indian affairs.
March 19 Debates western land ordinance amendment. March 24--;27 Debates
western land ordinance amendment. March 31 Fails to achieve quorum.
April
1--;30 Fails to achieve quorum.
May
1 Fails to achieve quorum. May 2 Receives treasury
report on proposed new Dutch loan, three war office reports on Indian affairs,
and ten communications from the secretary for foreign affairs. May 5 Receives
reports on western land issues. May 8 Elects Jonathan Burrall and Benjamin
Walker commissioners for settling the accounts of the five wartime departments.
May 20 Authorizes fortnightly posts
between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. May 21 Receives treasury report on
coinage. May 22 Orders institution of suits to collect outstanding Continental
accounts. May 26 Receives treasury report on western land contracts and war
department report on settler violations of Cherokee treaty rights. May 27--;29
Debates western land ordinance amendment. May 30 Debates Kentucky statehood in
committee of the whole.
June
2 Receives committee of the whole report
recommending Kentucky statehood. June 3 Elects grand committee on Kentucky
statehood. June 5 Fails to achieve quorum. June 6 Authorizes survey of New
York--; Pennsylvania boundary preparatory to granting Pennsylvania greater
access to Lake Erie. June 9 Directs treasury to submit 1788--;89 fiscal
estimates. June 12 Receives report on land reserve for French settlers in the
Illinois country. June 13 Responds to French protest against Virginia's
harboring a French pirate. June 17 Receives war office report on manpower and
recruitment. June 18 Receives report opposing state inspection of the mails.
June 19 Debates western land ordinance amendment. June 20 Elects Joseph Martin
Continental agent to the Cherokees; authorizes negotiation of western land
contract with George Morgan associates. June 24 Authorizes three-month
extension of Continental claims. June 25 Abolishes office of inspector of
Continental troops. June 27 Debates report on Georgia--;Creek Indian affairs.
July
2 Debates western land ordinance amendment; receives notification of the ratification
of the Constitution by the ninth state (New Hampshire); appoints committee "for putting the
said constitution into operation." July 3 Postpones action on Kentucky
statehood until proceedings shall commence under the new Constitution. July 7--8
Debates western land ordinance amendment. July 9 Refers fiscal estimates to
committee; adopts "supplement" to western land ordinance. July 14
Debates report on implementing the Constitution. July 15 Rejects terms of
Georgia's western land cession, but accepts responsibility for southwestern frontier
defense. July 17 Directs resumption of western land surveys; rejects proposed
Virginia western land reserve for military bounties. July 21 Receives report on
Continental Army manpower needs. July 25 Orders deployment of Continental
troops to pacify Luzerne County, Pa. July 28 Debates report on implementing the
Constitution; rejects motion to establish capital at Philadelphia. July 30
Rejects motion to establish capital at New York. August 1 Extends term of
northern superintendent of Indian affairs.
August 4 Extends term
of southern superintendent of Indian affairs. August 5--;6 Debates motions on
the location of the capital. August 7 Debates status of delegates from states
that have not ratified the Constitution. August 12 Plans mobilization of frontier
militia against western Indians. August 13 Debates report on implementing the
Constitution. August 20 Adopts 1788 requisition. August 26 Debates report on
implementing the Constitution; seeks Spanish cooperation for apprehending
fugitive slaves fleeing to Florida. August 28 Revises George Morgan associates
western land contract. August 29 Confirms land titles of French settlers in the
Illinois country.
September
1 Condemns settler encroachments on Cherokee
lands. September 2 Debates report on implementing the Constitution. September 3
Reserves Ohio lands of Christian Delaware Indians; rejects motion to establish
capital at Annapolis. September 4 Debates report on implementing the
Constitution; confirms land contract giving Pennsylvania large tract bordering
Lake Erie. September 8 Receives John Jay report on negotiations with Spain
concerning the Mississippi question. September
13 Adopts plan for implementing the Constitution. September 16 Recommends
that states ban importation of felons; directs suspension of negotiations
concerning the Mississippi question.September 18--;24 Fails to achieve quorum. September
26--;29 Fails to achieve quorum. September 30 Receives report on treasury
department inquiry.
October
1 Rejects Silas Deane settlement of Beaumarchais'
accounts. October 2 Receives report on war department inquiry. October 6--;7
Fails to achieve quorum. October 8 Receives communications on Indian relations
in the western territory. October 10 Suspends the work of the commissioners
appointed to settle the states' Continental accounts; adjourns what proves to
be its final session under the Articles of Confederation. October 13--;16 Fails
to achieve quorum. October 21—31st Fails to achieve quorum
OCTOBER 16, 1788 Two
States attended, namely Massachusetts and South Carolina and from New Hampshire
Mr Nicholas Gilman, from Rhode Island Mr Peleg Arnold, from New Jersey Mr
Jonathan Dayton from Pensylvania Mr William Irvine, from Maryland Mr Benjamin
Contee from Virginia Mr Cyrus Griffin and from North Carolina Mr Hugh
Williamson. OCTOBER 21, 1788 Two states attended namely Massachusetts and South
Carolina and from New hampshire Mr Nicholas Gilman from Connecticut Mr Benjamin
Huntington from Pensylvania Mr William Irvine from Maryland Mr Benjamin Contee
from Virginia Mr Cyrus Griffin and from North Carolina Mr Hugh Williamson.
October 22-November 1, 1788 there
appear attended occasionally from New hampshire Mr Nicholas Gilman, from
Massachusetts Mr Samuel A Otis and Mr George Thatcher, from Rhode island Mr
Peleg Arnold, from Connecticut Mr Benjamin Huntington and Mr Pierpont Edwards,
from New Jersey Mr Jonathan Dayton, from Pensylvania Mr William Irvine, from Maryland
Mr Benjamin Contee, from Virginia Mr Cyrus Griffin, from North Carolina Mr Hugh
Williamson, and from South Carolina Mr Daniel Huger Mr John Parker and Mr
Thomas Tudor Tucker.
Ninth
USCA: Fails to Achieve Quorum
November
3, 1788 Pursuant to the Articles of the
Confederation the USCA attempts to form the Ninth USCA and only two Gentlemen
attended Mr Benjamin Contee for Maryland and Mr Hugh Williamson for North
Carolina. November 15, Mr Cyrus
Griffin from Virginia attended;
December
1, Mr John Dawson from Virginia and; December 6, Mr
Nicholas Eveleigh from South Carolina attended; December 11, Mr
Jonathan Dayton from New Jersey attended; December 15, Mr
Thomas Tudor Tucker from South Carolina; December 30, Mr
Samuel A Otis from Massachusetts;
January
1, 1789 Mr James R. Reid from Pennsylvania,
Mr Robert Barnwell from South Carolina; January 8, Mr A
Clarke from New Jersey; JANUARY 10, 1789 Mr T Coxe from Pensylvania; January 26,
1789 Mr N. Gorham from Massachusetts; January
29, 1789 Mr G Thatcher from
Massachusetts;
February
6, 1789 Mr D Ross from Maryland; February 12,
1789 Mr J Gardner from Rhode Island. February 18, 1789 Mr D Gelston from New
York February 19, 1789 Mr Nicholas Gilman from New hampshire;
March
2, 1789 Mr Philip Pell from New York March 4, 1789
the Constitution of 1787 is effective;
July
25, Secretary Thomson delivers papers and records of the Confederation to
new federal government.
At sunset on the evening of March 3, 1789, the Articles of Confederation Union was fired out by thirteen guns from the Federal Fort opposite Bowling Green in New York. On Wednesday, the 4th, the new era was ushered in by the firing of eleven guns in honor of the eleven States that had adopted the Constitution. The States of Rhode Island and North Carolina were now severed from the American Union and were as independent of each other as England and France. Charles Thomson's 15 year tenure as Secretary of the Continental Congress and the USCA, also expired on March 3, 1789.
The Congressional Evolution of the United States of America
Continental Congress of the United Colonies Presidents
Continental Congress of the United Colonies Presidents
Sept. 5, 1774 to July 1, 1776
September 5, 1774
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October 22, 1774
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October 22, 1774
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October 26, 1774
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May 20, 1775
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May 24, 1775
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May 25, 1775
|
July 1, 1776
|
Commander-in-Chief United Colonies & States of America
George Washington: June 15, 1775 - December 23, 1783
Continental Congress of the United States Presidents
July 2, 1776 to February 28, 1781
July 2, 1776
|
October 29, 1777
| |
November 1, 1777
|
December 9, 1778
| |
December 10, 1778
|
September 28, 1779
| |
September 29, 1779
|
February 28, 1781
|
Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789
March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789
March 1, 1781
|
July 6, 1781
| |
July 10, 1781
|
Declined Office
| |
July 10, 1781
|
November 4, 1781
| |
November 5, 1781
|
November 3, 1782
| |
November 4, 1782
|
November 2, 1783
| |
November 3, 1783
|
June 3, 1784
| |
November 30, 1784
|
November 22, 1785
| |
November 23, 1785
|
June 5, 1786
| |
June 6, 1786
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February 1, 1787
| |
February 2, 1787
|
January 21, 1788
| |
January 22, 1788
|
January 21, 1789
|
Presidents of the United States of America
D-Democratic Party, F-Federalist Party, I-Independent, R-Republican Party, R* Republican Party of Jefferson & W-Whig Party
(1789-1797)
|
(1933-1945)
| |
(1865-1869)
| ||
(1797-1801)
|
(1945-1953)
| |
(1869-1877)
| ||
(1801-1809)
|
(1953-1961)
| |
(1877-1881)
| ||
(1809-1817)
|
(1961-1963)
| |
(1881 - 1881)
| ||
(1817-1825)
|
(1963-1969)
| |
(1881-1885)
| ||
(1825-1829)
|
(1969-1974)
| |
(1885-1889)
| ||
(1829-1837)
|
(1973-1974)
| |
(1889-1893)
| ||
(1837-1841)
|
(1977-1981)
| |
(1893-1897)
| ||
(1841-1841)
|
(1981-1989)
| |
(1897-1901)
| ||
(1841-1845)
|
(1989-1993)
| |
(1901-1909)
| ||
(1845-1849)
|
(1993-2001)
| |
(1909-1913)
| ||
(1849-1850)
|
(2001-2009)
| |
(1913-1921)
| ||
(1850-1853)
|
(2009-2017)
| |
(1921-1923)
| ||
(1853-1857)
|
(20017-Present)
| |
(1923-1929)
|
*Confederate States of America
| |
(1857-1861)
| ||
(1929-1933)
| ||
(1861-1865)
|
United Colonies Continental Congress
|
President
|
18th Century Term
|
Age
|
Elizabeth "Betty" Harrison Randolph (1745-1783)
|
09/05/74 – 10/22/74
|
29
| |
Mary Williams Middleton (1741- 1761) Deceased
|
Henry Middleton
|
10/22–26/74
|
n/a
|
Elizabeth "Betty" Harrison Randolph (1745–1783)
|
05/20/ 75 - 05/24/75
|
30
| |
Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott (1747-1830)
|
05/25/75 – 07/01/76
|
28
| |
United States Continental Congress
|
President
|
Term
|
Age
|
Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott (1747-1830)
|
07/02/76 – 10/29/77
|
29
| |
Eleanor Ball Laurens (1731- 1770) Deceased
|
Henry Laurens
|
11/01/77 – 12/09/78
|
n/a
|
Sarah Livingston Jay (1756-1802)
|
12/ 10/78 – 09/28/78
|
21
| |
Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
|
09/29/79 – 02/28/81
|
41
| |
United States in Congress Assembled
|
President
|
Term
|
Age
|
Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
|
03/01/81 – 07/06/81
|
42
| |
Sarah Armitage McKean (1756-1820)
|
07/10/81 – 11/04/81
|
25
| |
Jane Contee Hanson (1726-1812)
|
11/05/81 - 11/03/82
|
55
| |
Hannah Stockton Boudinot (1736-1808)
|
11/03/82 - 11/02/83
|
46
| |
Sarah Morris Mifflin (1747-1790)
|
11/03/83 - 11/02/84
|
36
| |
Anne Gaskins Pinkard Lee (1738-1796)
|
11/20/84 - 11/19/85
|
46
| |
Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott (1747-1830)
|
11/23/85 – 06/06/86
|
38
| |
Rebecca Call Gorham (1744-1812)
|
06/06/86 - 02/01/87
|
42
| |
Phoebe Bayard St. Clair (1743-1818)
|
02/02/87 - 01/21/88
|
43
| |
Christina Stuart Griffin (1751-1807)
|
01/22/88 - 01/29/89
|
36
|
Constitution of 1787
First Ladies |
President
|
Term
|
Age
|
April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797
|
57
| ||
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
|
52
| ||
Martha Wayles Jefferson Deceased
|
September 6, 1782 (Aged 33)
|
n/a
| |
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817
|
40
| ||
March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825
|
48
| ||
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
|
50
| ||
December 22, 1828 (aged 61)
|
n/a
| ||
February 5, 1819 (aged 35)
|
n/a
| ||
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
|
65
| ||
April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842
|
50
| ||
June 26, 1844 – March 4, 1845
|
23
| ||
March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849
|
41
| ||
March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850
|
60
| ||
July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853
|
52
| ||
March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857
|
46
| ||
n/a
|
n/a
| ||
March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
|
42
| ||
February 22, 1862 – May 10, 1865
| |||
April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
|
54
| ||
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877
|
43
| ||
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881
|
45
| ||
March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
|
48
| ||
January 12, 1880 (Aged 43)
|
n/a
| ||
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
|
21
| ||
March 4, 1889 – October 25, 1892
|
56
| ||
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
|
28
| ||
March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901
|
49
| ||
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909
|
40
| ||
March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913
|
47
| ||
March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914
|
52
| ||
December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921
|
43
| ||
March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923
|
60
| ||
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
|
44
| ||
March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933
|
54
| ||
March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945
|
48
| ||
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953
|
60
| ||
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961
|
56
| ||
January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
|
31
| ||
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969
|
50
| ||
January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974
|
56
| ||
August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977
|
56
| ||
January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981
|
49
| ||
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
|
59
| ||
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993
|
63
| ||
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
|
45
| ||
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009
|
54
| ||
January 20, 2009 to date
|
45
|
Capitals of the United Colonies and States of America
Philadelphia
|
Sept. 5, 1774 to Oct. 24, 1774
| |
Philadelphia
|
May 10, 1775 to Dec. 12, 1776
| |
Baltimore
|
Dec. 20, 1776 to Feb. 27, 1777
| |
Philadelphia
|
March 4, 1777 to Sept. 18, 1777
| |
Lancaster
|
September 27, 1777
| |
York
|
Sept. 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778
| |
Philadelphia
|
July 2, 1778 to June 21, 1783
| |
Princeton
|
June 30, 1783 to Nov. 4, 1783
| |
Annapolis
|
Nov. 26, 1783 to Aug. 19, 1784
| |
Trenton
|
Nov. 1, 1784 to Dec. 24, 1784
| |
New York City
|
Jan. 11, 1785 to Nov. 13, 1788
| |
New York City
|
October 6, 1788 to March 3,1789
| |
New York City
|
March 3,1789 to August 12, 1790
| |
Philadelphia
|
Dec. 6,1790 to May 14, 1800
| |
Washington DC
|
November 17,1800 to Present
|
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The United Colonies of North America Continental Congress Presidents (1774-1776)
The United States of America Continental Congress Presidents (1776-1781)
The United States of America in Congress Assembled Presidents (1781-1789)
The United States of America Presidents and Commanders-in-Chiefs (1789-Present)
The United States of America Continental Congress Presidents (1776-1781)
The United States of America in Congress Assembled Presidents (1781-1789)
The United States of America Presidents and Commanders-in-Chiefs (1789-Present)
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